Introduction
The concepts of perimeter and area are fundamental in geometry and are used in various real-life applications such as construction, design, and land measurement.
Perimeter
The perimeter of a shape is the total length of its boundary. It is measured by adding up the lengths of all sides.
Perimeter of Common Shapes
- Rectangle: Perimeter = 2 × (Length + Breadth)
- Square: Perimeter = 4 × Side
- Triangle: Perimeter = Sum of all three sides
- Circle: Perimeter (Circumference) = 2 × π × Radius
Examples of Perimeter Calculation
Example 1: Find the perimeter of a rectangle with length 10 cm and breadth 5 cm.
Perimeter = 2 × (10 + 5) = 2 × 15 = 30 cm
Area
Area is the amount of surface covered by a shape. It is measured in square units.
Area of Rectangle and Square
- Rectangle: Area = Length × Breadth
- Square: Area = Side × Side
Examples of Area Calculation
Example 2: Find the area of a square with side length 4 cm.
Area = 4 × 4 = 16 cm²
Applications of Perimeter and Area
- Designing and constructing buildings
- Fencing gardens and fields
- Calculating flooring materials
Conclusion
Understanding perimeter and area is essential for solving many practical problems. These concepts are widely used in architecture, land management, and everyday measurements.