Class 5 Notes - Perimeter of Various Shapes & Area of Rectangle and Square

Introduction

The concepts of perimeter and area are fundamental in geometry and are used in various real-life applications such as construction, design, and land measurement.

Perimeter

The perimeter of a shape is the total length of its boundary. It is measured by adding up the lengths of all sides.

Perimeter of Common Shapes

  • Rectangle: Perimeter = 2 × (Length + Breadth)
  • Square: Perimeter = 4 × Side
  • Triangle: Perimeter = Sum of all three sides
  • Circle: Perimeter (Circumference) = 2 × π × Radius

Examples of Perimeter Calculation

Example 1: Find the perimeter of a rectangle with length 10 cm and breadth 5 cm.

Perimeter = 2 × (10 + 5) = 2 × 15 = 30 cm

Area

Area is the amount of surface covered by a shape. It is measured in square units.

Area of Rectangle and Square

  • Rectangle: Area = Length × Breadth
  • Square: Area = Side × Side

Examples of Area Calculation

Example 2: Find the area of a square with side length 4 cm.

Area = 4 × 4 = 16 cm²

Applications of Perimeter and Area

  • Designing and constructing buildings
  • Fencing gardens and fields
  • Calculating flooring materials

Conclusion

Understanding perimeter and area is essential for solving many practical problems. These concepts are widely used in architecture, land management, and everyday measurements.