Class 4 Notes - Data Handling

Introduction to Data Handling

Data handling is the process of collecting, organizing, and interpreting information (data) to make sense of it. In daily life, we use data handling to keep track of things, compare, and make decisions.

Collecting Data

We collect data by asking questions, observing, or measuring. For example, counting the number of red, blue, and green cars in a parking lot.

Organizing Data

After collecting data, we organize it using tables, lists, or tallies to make it easier to understand.

  • Tally marks: Simple lines used to count objects.
  • Tables: Arranging data in rows and columns.

Representing Data

We can show data using pictures, bars, or graphs. This helps us see patterns and compare information easily.

  • Pictograph: Using pictures or symbols to show numbers.
  • Bar graph: Using bars of different heights to show data.

Interpreting Data

After representing data, we answer questions based on the information shown in the table, pictograph, or bar graph.

Examples

Example 1: The following table shows the number of fruits students like:

  • Apples: |||| (4)
  • Bananas: ||| (3)
  • Mangoes: |||| | (5)

Question: Which fruit is liked by the most students?

Answer: Mangoes

Example 2: The pictograph below shows the number of books read by students:

  • Ravi: 📚📚📚 (3 books)
  • Sita: 📚📚 (2 books)
  • Amit: 📚📚📚📚 (4 books)

Question: Who read the most books?

Answer: Amit

Word Problem

Problem: In a class, 8 students like cricket, 5 like football, and 7 like badminton. Show this data using tally marks.

Solution:

  • Cricket: |||| |||| (8)
  • Football: |||| | (5)
  • Badminton: |||| ||| (7)

Summary

Data handling helps us collect, organize, represent, and interpret information. It is useful in making decisions and understanding the world around us.