1. Introduction
This chapter introduces students to the four main arithmetic operations: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division. Each operation helps solve everyday problems involving counting, combining, sharing, and comparing.
2. Addition (➕)
Addition means putting things together to find out how many in all.
Real life: I have 3 apples, my friend gives me 2 → 3 + 2 = 5
- Start from ones place
- Add two-digit numbers (with/without carry)
- Used in problems like "how many in all?"
3. Subtraction (➖)
Subtraction means taking away. It tells us how many are left.
Real life: 10 chocolates – 3 eaten = 7 left
- Subtract from the right
- Use borrowing when needed
- Used in problems like "how many left?"
4. Addition and Subtraction Together
Sometimes both operations are used together.
You can check subtraction by reversing the operation using addition.
5. Multiplication (✖️)
Multiplication is repeated addition. It's used to find how many in total when we have equal groups.
Real life: 4 baskets with 6 mangoes each = 24
- Build tables from 2 to 10
- Use objects and pictures to show groups
- Learn through skip counting
6. Division (➗)
Division means sharing or grouping equally.
Real life: 20 pencils shared among 5 friends = 4 pencils each
- Use grouping or repeated subtraction
- Opposite of multiplication
- Use pictures or counters for practice
7. Word Problems
- Addition: Rina has 24 stickers. Her brother gives 13 more. Total = ?
- Subtraction: 30 balloons – 12 fly away = ?
- Multiplication: 6 chocolates in 5 boxes = ?
- Division: 20 pencils ÷ 5 students = ?
8. Estimation
Estimate by rounding off numbers to 10s or 100s. It helps solve problems quickly in your head.
9. Using Number Line
- For addition → jump to the right
- For subtraction → jump to the left
- For multiplication → equal jumps
- For division → grouping jumps
10. Relationships
- Addition ↔ Subtraction (opposite operations)
- Multiplication ↔ Division (opposites)
If 7 + 5 = 12, then 12 − 5 = 7
If 4 × 3 = 12, then 12 ÷ 4 = 3
11. Mental Maths
- Break numbers: 47 + 25 = (40 + 20) + (7 + 5) = 72
- Use known facts: 2 × 5 = 10 → 4 × 5 = 10 + 10 = 20
12. Fun Activities
- Use dice to roll and add
- Flashcards for tables
- Story sums using toys or snacks
13. Practice Questions
- Add: 34 + 27 = ?
- Subtract: 65 − 29 = ?
- Multiply: 4 × 3 = ?
- Divide: 20 ÷ 4 = ?
14. Summary Table
| Operation | Meaning | Symbol | Example | Key Words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Addition | Put together | + | 8 + 5 = 13 | Total, Altogether |
| Subtraction | Take away | − | 12 − 4 = 8 | Left, Difference |
| Multiplication | Repeated addition | × | 3 × 4 = 12 | Times, Groups of |
| Division | Share equally | ÷ | 20 ÷ 5 = 4 | Each gets, Divided among |
15. Conclusion
The chapter "Computation Operations" gives young learners the basic tools for handling numbers in everyday situations. With regular practice, play-based learning, and a focus on understanding over memorization, children build strong math foundations.