Class 3 Notes - Data Handling
1. Introduction to Data Handling
Data handling is about collecting, organizing, and understanding information. In Class III, students learn how to gather data, represent it using tables, tally marks, and pictographs, and answer questions based on the data.
- Collect and record information (data).
- Organize data using tables and lists.
- Represent data using tally marks and pictographs.
- Interpret data to answer questions.
- Relate data handling to real-life situations.
2. Collecting Data
Data can be collected by asking questions, observing, or measuring. For example, counting the number of students who like different fruits.
Example: Ask your classmates their favorite color and note down the answers.
3. Organizing Data
Once data is collected, it is organized in a table or list to make it easy to understand.
Example Table:
| Fruit | Number of Students |
|---|
| Apple | 5 |
| Banana | 7 |
| Mango | 4 |
4. Tally Marks
Tally marks are a quick way to record and count data. Each line represents one count. Every fifth line crosses the previous four.
Example:
Banana: ||||
Apple: |||
Mango: ||||
5. Pictographs
A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to show data. Each picture stands for a certain number.
Example:
Favorite Pet
🐶 = 1 student
Dog: 🐶🐶🐶🐶
Cat: 🐱🐱
Fish: 🐟🐟🐟
6. Reading and Interpreting Data
- Look at the table, tally marks, or pictograph.
- Answer questions like: Which is the most/least popular? How many in total?
Activity: Make a pictograph of the number of books your friends read in a week.
7. Real-Life Examples
- Counting types of vehicles passing by your school.
- Survey of favorite sports in your class.
- Weather chart for a week (sunny, rainy, cloudy days).
8. Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Collect and Organize Data
- Ask 10 friends their favorite ice cream flavor. Make a table to show the results.
Exercise 2: Tally Marks
- Record the number of red, blue, and green pencils in your box using tally marks.
Exercise 3: Pictograph
- Draw a pictograph to show the number of pets (dogs, cats, birds) your classmates have.
Exercise 4: Answer the Questions
- Which fruit is liked by the most students?
- How many students like mangoes?
- Which pet is least common?
9. Common Mistakes
- Forgetting to use the same symbol for each count in a pictograph.
- Not organizing data clearly in tables.
- Miscounting tally marks.
10. Summary
- Data handling means collecting, organizing, and understanding information.
- We use tables, tally marks, and pictographs to show data.
- We answer questions by reading and interpreting data.
- Data handling is useful in daily life.